A number of substances can be employed to control the pH of a solution. Typical pH-regulating substances include:

Acids: Acids may be used to reduce a solution’s pH. Nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid are typical acids used to change a solution’s pH.

Bases: Bases can be utilised to increase a solution’s pH. Sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and calcium hydroxide are common bases used to modify a solution’s pH.

Buffers: Buffers are substances that can be used to keep the pH of a solution stable. To keep the pH within a particular range, they react with acids or bases. Bicarbonate and phosphate buffers are examples of typical buffers.

Chemicals that are specifically developed to change the pH of a solution are known as “pH adjusters.” These substances are frequently employed in industrial and scientific settings to precisely regulate a solution’s pH.

When working with pH-regulating substances, it’s vital to exercise caution because some of them have hazardous or caustic properties. It is typically advised to handle these kinds of chemicals while wearing protective gear, such as gloves and goggles.