Wastewater surveillance, which is studying and analysing wastewater, is done to identify and track the spread of infections and other health problems. Due to its capacity to identify and control upcoming epidemics as well as other health risks, it is an essential tool for public health organisations.

Several tactics, including:

Sampling and testing: In this procedure, wastewater samples are collected and examined to check for certain pathogens or other contaminants. This may be accomplished by collecting samples from various locations throughout the wastewater treatment system and analysing them in a lab.

Using genetic sequencing, it is possible to identify certain diseases or other contaminants by analysing the genetic material present in wastewater sample. Polymerase chain reaction and whole genome sequencing are two techniques that might be utilised to achieve this (PCR).

Metagenomics requires analysing the genetic material in the sample in order to accurately identify every microbe present in a wastewater sample. This may provide details on the overall microbial composition of the wastewater in addition to aiding in the identification of potential health issues.

In general, wastewater monitoring is an essential tool for public health organisations since it helps them to locate and track the spread of diseases and other health problems. In order to identify any health problems and respond appropriately, wastewater monitoring and analysis must continue. The security of the public water supply must be ensured.